• Alauddin ascended the throne after killing his uncle Jalal-ud-din.
• He was the first Turkish Sultan of Delhi who separated religion from politics. Giving the slogan - "Kingship knows no Kinship".
• Title given to him : "Sikander II or Sikander-i-Sani"
• He built Hauz Khas, Siri Fort, Jamat-e-Khana Mosque, Mahal Hazaar Satoon etc
• In Deccan, Aluddin's army led by Malik Kafur(His Slave) defeated Ram Chandradev, Pratap Rudradeva, Vir ballal III and Vir Pandya.
• The most important experiment undertaken by the Alauddin was the
  attempt to control the markets. Alauddin sought to control the prices of all commodities, from food grains to horse, and from cattle and slaves to costly imported cloth.

• Introduction of Dagh or branding of horses and Chehra.
• Confiscation of the religious endowments and free grants of lands.
• Creation of new department viz Diwani-Mustakhraj to enquire into the revenue arrears and to collect them
• Establishment of separate markets for food grains cloth, horses, fruits etc.

• Reorganized the Spy system
• Prohibition on use of wine in Delhi
• Nobles should not intermarry without his permission.
• Confiscated the properties of Nobles classes.

• Introduced the first permanent standing army of India
• Abolition of Iqtas of royal troppers and the payment of their salaries in crash.
• Regular master of the army.

• He ascended the throne as a minor with the death of his father Alauddin Khilji in January 1316.
• He became Sultan with the help of Malik Kafur, the Military Commander.
  After the assassination of Kafur, his brother Qutb-ud-din Mubarak became Sultan.

• After the death of Kafur (1316), Mubarak Khan was freed from prison and was appointed as regent for Shiab-ud-din.
• He captured the throne at the first opportunity he got, but could rule only for 4 years as he sank into debauchery and could not give up his dissipated lifestyle.
• He awarded his lover Hassan authority over the army and place guards, and the latter soon obtained full control over the Sultan's palace.
• Hassan was given the tittle Khusarau Khan by the Sultan and within months Khasrau killed Mubarak Khan and assumed the title of Nasir-ud-din in mid1320.

• Khusrau Khan was killed by Ghazni Khan, governor of Dipalpur when he tried to oppose a rebellion by Ghazni Malik and his son Fakruddin Jaima. This marked the end of the Khalji dynasty and the rise of Tughlaq dynasty at the throne of Delhi.

• GhiassuddinTughlaq was succeeded by his son Jauna Khan, popularly known as Muhammed Bin Tughlaq.
• Muhammed Bin Tughlaq is considered as the single most responsible person for the decline of Delhi Sultanate.
• Tried to Prohibit "Sati" Practice. 
• Muhammed Bin Tughlaq was known as a mixture of opposites, wisest fool, Pagal padushah, unfortunate idealogue and the predecessor of Akbar in intellectual and religious matters.
• Ibn Batuta called him ‘‘an illstared idealist’’.
• He shifted his capital from Delhi to Devagiri (Daulatabad) in 1327.
• In 1330 he introduced token currency of bronze and copper.(Which was Poorly Managed)
• Moroccan Traveller Ibn Batuta visited India during his period.
• Edward Thanas described him as ‘prince of moneyers’.

• Muhammed Bin Tughlaq was succeeded by his elderly cousin, Firoz Shah Tughlaq.
• Firoz Shah Tughlaq was the first Sultan of Delhi to impose Jaziya. It was a religious tax for the freedom of worship. He imposed it only upon Brahmins.
• He built the city of Firozbad in Delhi. The Firoz shah Kotla was also built by him.
• The gate way of Firozshah Kottla is Khooni Darwaza, or blood stained gate. It was constructed by Shersha Suri.
• He transported two Ashokan Pillars to Firozabad.
• He is the author of Fatuhat -i- Firozshahi
• After Firozshah Tughlaq Muhammed Shah Tughlaq or Naziruddin Muhammed came to the throne.
• It was during the period of his reign that Timur the Lame or Tamerlain a Turkish conqueror of Tartar tribe from Samarkhand attacked India in 1398.
• Timur appointed Khizr Khan, the governor of Multan his authority in India.

• Sayyid Dynasty was founded by Khizr Khan in 1414.
• Last Sayyid Sultan was Alauddin Alamshah or Shah Alam I. He was killed by Bahalol Lodhi in 1451.
• Other rulers of Sayyid Dynasty
• • Mubarak Shah (1421-1434)
  • Muhammad Shah (1434-1443)
  • Alam Shah (1443-1451)

• He founded the Lodhi dynasty by usurping the throne from the last of the Sayyid rulers.
• Bahlol belonged to the Shahu Khel clan of the Lodhi Pashtun tribe.

• He was the son of Bahlol Lodhi.
• In 1504, he founded the city of Agra and made it his capital.
• He introduced the Gaz-i-Sikandari (Sikandar's yard) of 32 digits for
  measuring cultivated fields.

• He was the last king of Lodhi dynasty and the last Sultan of Delhi.
• He was the son of Sikandar Lodhi.
• He was defeated and killed by Babur in the first battle of Panipat in 1526 AD. (V.Imp)

• Slave Dynasty(1206-1290)
• Khilji Dynasty(1290-1320)
• Tughlaq Dynasty(1320-1414)
• Sayyid Dynasty(1414-1451)
• Lodi Dynasty(1451-1526)

• Slave of Mohammad Ghori
• Also known as the first ruler of Slave Dynasty
• Founder of the first Turkish Kingdom in Northern India.
• For his generosity, he was given the title of Lakh Baksh(Giver of Lakhs).
• Made Military Headquarter in Indraprastha(Old name of Delhi).
• Capital - Lahore
• He introduced Jaziya Taxes on Non-Muslims to generate revenue.
• Constructed two Mosque (SSC-Imp)
  • Quwat-ul-Islam (Delhi)
  • Adhai din ka Jhopra (Ajmer)
• He also began(Not able Complete) construction of Qutub Minar to honor a famous Sufi Saint "Khawaja Qutub-ud-din Bakhtiyar Kaki".(SSC-Imp)
• Writers in his Court
  • Hasan-un-Nizami, Author of  "Taj-ul-Massir"
  • Fakhr-ud-Din, Author of "Tarikh-i-Mubarak Shahi"
• Died in 1210 while playing Chaugan or Polo.

• He was a Slave of Qutbuddin Aibak
• Iltutmish was the real founder of Delhi Sultunate.
• He Made Delhi the Capital in place of Lahore.
• Saved Delhi Sultanate from the attack of Chengiz-Khan(The Mongol Leader) by not giving shelter to Khwarizm Shah, Whom Chengiz Khan was chasing.
• Completed the construction of Qutub Minar.(Imp for SSC)
• Introduced the silver coin(Tanka) and the copper coin(Jital).
• Introduced Iqta system and brought reforms in Civil administration and Army by making Payment and Recruitment centralized.
• Established an official nobility of slaves known as Chahalgani(Group of 40).
• Patronized Minhaj-us-Siraj, Author of "Tabaqat-i-Nasiri". 
• Iltutmish nominated his Daughter Razia Sultan as his Successor.

• Though Iltutmish made Razia Sultan his Successor, the nobles placed Rukniddin Firoj on the Throne. Later Razia dethroned him and took control.
• First and only muslim lady ruler who ruled India.
• She was loved by the people and hated by the nobles.
• She offended the nobles by marrying an Abyssian Slave Yakut.
• To which, After accession governers of Multan, Badaun, Hansi & Lahore revolted.
• One of the Governer Revolted whose name was Altunia. He was then attacked by Razia Sultan.
• Altunia got Yakut murdered and imprisoned Razia. Altunia married Razia.
• Later Altunia & Razia were killed in Kaithal(Haryana)(1240 AD) during an attack by Altunia's Son Baharm Shah.

• He ascended the throne in 1265 AD.
• A demolished the power of Chalisa and restored the credibility of Thorne. (his greatest contribution).
• Appointed Spies.
• Built a Strong centralized army to deal with internal disturbances and to decrease the threat from Mongols.
• Established a Military Department Diwan-i-Arz.(Imp for SSC)
• He named himself "Zil-i-llahi"(Shadow of God).
• He introduced Sijda (prostration before the monarch) and Paibos(Kissing the feet of monarch) as the normal form of salutation.

• Jalaluddin founded the Khalji Dynasty .
• In 1290, He invaded the fort of Ranthambhor.
• Alauddin Khalji ascended the throne after killing his uncle Jalaluddin.

Delhi Sultanate Part 2