Delhi Sultanate Part 2

Alauddin Khalji
(V-Imp for SSC Exam)

(1296-1316)

• Alauddin ascended the throne after killing his uncle Jalal-ud-din.
• He was the first Turkish Sultan of Delhi who separated religion from politics. Giving the slogan - "Kingship knows no Kinship".
• Title given to him : "Sikander II or Sikander-i-Sani"
• He built Hauz Khas, Siri Fort, Jamat-e-Khana Mosque, Mahal Hazaar Satoon etc
• In Deccan, Aluddin's army led by Malik Kafur(His Slave) defeated Ram Chandradev, Pratap Rudradeva, Vir ballal III and Vir Pandya.
• The most important experiment undertaken by the Alauddin was the
  attempt to control the markets. Alauddin sought to control the prices of all commodities, from food grains to horse, and from cattle and slaves to costly imported cloth.

Economic Reforms:-

• Introduction of Dagh or branding of horses and Chehra.
• Confiscation of the religious endowments and free grants of lands.
• Creation of new department viz Diwani-Mustakhraj to enquire into the revenue arrears and to collect them
• Establishment of separate markets for food grains cloth, horses, fruits etc.

Administrative Reforms Ordinances

• Reorganized the Spy system
• Prohibition on use of wine in Delhi
• Nobles should not intermarry without his permission.
• Confiscated the properties of Nobles classes.

Military Reforms:-

• Introduced the first permanent standing army of India
• Abolition of Iqtas of royal troppers and the payment of their salaries in crash.
• Regular master of the army.

Shihabuddin Omar

(1316)

• He ascended the throne as a minor with the death of his father Alauddin Khilji in January 1316.
• He became Sultan with the help of Malik Kafur, the Military Commander.
  After the assassination of Kafur, his brother Qutb-ud-din Mubarak became Sultan.

Mubarak Khan

(1316-1320)

• After the death of Kafur (1316), Mubarak Khan was freed from prison and was appointed as regent for Shiab-ud-din.
• He captured the throne at the first opportunity he got, but could rule only for 4 years as he sank into debauchery and could not give up his dissipated lifestyle.
• He awarded his lover Hassan authority over the army and place guards, and the latter soon obtained full control over the Sultan's palace.
• Hassan was given the tittle Khusarau Khan by the Sultan and within months Khasrau killed Mubarak Khan and assumed the title of Nasir-ud-din in mid1320.

Khusro Khan
(1320)

• Khusrau Khan was killed by Ghazni Khan, governor of Dipalpur when he tried to oppose a rebellion by Ghazni Malik and his son Fakruddin Jaima. This marked the end of the Khalji dynasty and the rise of Tughlaq dynasty at the throne of Delhi.

Tughlaq Dynasty

(1320-1414)

Ghiasuddin Tughlaq

• Tughlaq Dynasty was founded by Ghiasuddin Tughlaq. His real name was Ghazi Malik.
• Ghiasuddin Tughlaq founded the dynasty after killing Khuzru Khan in 1320.
• He built the Tughlaqabad Fort in Delhi the third city of Delhi to the east of Qutub complex.
• Ghiassudhin Tughlaq was the first Sultan to start irrigation works.
• He was killed by his son Jauna Khan in the year 1325

Muhammad Bin Tughlaq(Imp for SSC)

• GhiassuddinTughlaq was succeeded by his son Jauna Khan, popularly known as Muhammed Bin Tughlaq.
• Muhammed Bin Tughlaq is considered as the single most responsible person for the decline of Delhi Sultanate.
• Tried to Prohibit "Sati" Practice. 
• Muhammed Bin Tughlaq was known as a mixture of opposites, wisest fool, Pagal padushah, unfortunate idealogue and the predecessor of Akbar in intellectual and religious matters.
• Ibn Batuta called him ‘‘an illstared idealist’’.
• He shifted his capital from Delhi to Devagiri (Daulatabad) in 1327.
• In 1330 he introduced token currency of bronze and copper.(Which was Poorly Managed)
• Moroccan Traveller Ibn Batuta visited India during his period.
• Edward Thanas described him as ‘prince of moneyers’.

Firoz Shah Tughlaq

(1351-1388 AD)

• Muhammed Bin Tughlaq was succeeded by his elderly cousin, Firoz Shah Tughlaq.
• Firoz Shah Tughlaq was the first Sultan of Delhi to impose Jaziya. It was a religious tax for the freedom of worship. He imposed it only upon Brahmins.
• He built the city of Firozbad in Delhi. The Firoz shah Kotla was also built by him.
• The gate way of Firozshah Kottla is Khooni Darwaza, or blood stained gate. It was constructed by Shersha Suri.
• He transported two Ashokan Pillars to Firozabad.
• He is the author of Fatuhat -i- Firozshahi
• After Firozshah Tughlaq Muhammed Shah Tughlaq or Naziruddin Muhammed came to the throne.
• It was during the period of his reign that Timur the Lame or Tamerlain a Turkish conqueror of Tartar tribe from Samarkhand attacked India in 1398.
• Timur appointed Khizr Khan, the governor of Multan his authority in India.

**Sayyid Dynasty (1414 - 1451)**

• Sayyid Dynasty was founded by Khizr Khan in 1414.
• Last Sayyid Sultan was Alauddin Alamshah or Shah Alam I. He was killed by Bahalol Lodhi in 1451.
• Other rulers of Sayyid Dynasty
• • Mubarak Shah (1421-1434)
  • Muhammad Shah (1434-1443)
  • Alam Shah (1443-1451)

Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526)

Bahlol Lodhi (1451-1488)

• He founded the Lodhi dynasty by usurping the throne from the last of the Sayyid rulers.
• Bahlol belonged to the Shahu Khel clan of the Lodhi Pashtun tribe.

Sikandar Lodhi (1489-1517)

• He was the son of Bahlol Lodhi.
• In 1504, he founded the city of Agra and made it his capital.
• He introduced the Gaz-i-Sikandari (Sikandar's yard) of 32 digits for
  measuring cultivated fields.

Ibrahim Lodhi (1517-1526 AD)

• He was the last king of Lodhi dynasty and the last Sultan of Delhi.
• He was the son of Sikandar Lodhi.
• He was defeated and killed by Babur in the first battle of Panipat in 1526 AD. (V.Imp)