Delhi Sultanate

The invaders who ruled over Delhi between 13^th and 16^th century  AD are known as Sultans and the period is commonly known as Delhi Sultanate.

During this period five dynasties ruled over Delhi

• Slave Dynasty(1206-1290)
• Khilji Dynasty(1290-1320)
• Tughlaq Dynasty(1320-1414)
• Sayyid Dynasty(1414-1451)
• Lodi Dynasty(1451-1526)

                                                                                                  

Slave Dynasty

***Qutb-ud-din Aibak***

(1206-1210)

• Slave of Mohammad Ghori
• Also known as the first ruler of Slave Dynasty
• Founder of the first Turkish Kingdom in Northern India.
• For his generosity, he was given the title of Lakh Baksh(Giver of Lakhs).
• Made Military Headquarter in Indraprastha(Old name of Delhi).
• Capital - Lahore
• He introduced Jaziya Taxes on Non-Muslims to generate revenue.
• Constructed two Mosque (SSC-Imp)
  • Quwat-ul-Islam (Delhi)
  • Adhai din ka Jhopra (Ajmer)
• He also began(Not able Complete) construction of Qutub Minar to honor a famous Sufi Saint "Khawaja Qutub-ud-din Bakhtiyar Kaki".(SSC-Imp)
• Writers in his Court
  • Hasan-un-Nizami, Author of  "Taj-ul-Massir"
  • Fakhr-ud-Din, Author of "Tarikh-i-Mubarak Shahi"
• Died in 1210 while playing Chaugan or Polo.

***Iltutmish***

(1211-1236)

• He was a Slave of Qutbuddin Aibak
• Iltutmish was the real founder of Delhi Sultunate.
• He Made Delhi the Capital in place of Lahore.
• Saved Delhi Sultanate from the attack of Chengiz-Khan(The Mongol Leader) by not giving shelter to Khwarizm Shah, Whom Chengiz Khan was chasing.
• Completed the construction of Qutub Minar.(Imp for SSC)
• Introduced the silver coin(Tanka) and the copper coin(Jital).
• Introduced Iqta system and brought reforms in Civil administration and Army by making Payment and Recruitment centralized.
• Established an official nobility of slaves known as Chahalgani(Group of 40).
• Patronized Minhaj-us-Siraj, Author of "Tabaqat-i-Nasiri". 
• Iltutmish nominated his Daughter Razia Sultan as his Successor.

***Razia Sultan***

(1236-1240)

• Though Iltutmish made Razia Sultan his Successor, the nobles placed Rukniddin Firoj on the Throne. Later Razia dethroned him and took control.
• First and only muslim lady ruler who ruled India.
• She was loved by the people and hated by the nobles.
• She offended the nobles by marrying an Abyssian Slave Yakut.
• To which, After accession governers of Multan, Badaun, Hansi & Lahore revolted.
• One of the Governer Revolted whose name was Altunia. He was then attacked by Razia Sultan.
• Altunia got Yakut murdered and imprisoned Razia. Altunia married Razia.
• Later Altunia & Razia were killed in Kaithal(Haryana)(1240 AD) during an attack by Altunia's Son Baharm Shah.

***Ghiyas-ud-din Balban***

(1266-1287)

• He ascended the throne in 1265 AD.
• A demolished the power of Chalisa and restored the credibility of Thorne. (his greatest contribution).
• Appointed Spies.
• Built a Strong centralized army to deal with internal disturbances and to decrease the threat from Mongols.
• Established a Military Department Diwan-i-Arz.(Imp for SSC)
• He named himself "Zil-i-llahi"(Shadow of God).
• He introduced Sijda (prostration before the monarch) and Paibos(Kissing the feet of monarch) as the normal form of salutation.

Khalji Dynasty

(1290-1320)

***Jalaluddin Khalji***

(1290-1296 AD)

• Jalaluddin founded the Khalji Dynasty .
• In 1290, He invaded the fort of Ranthambhor.
• Alauddin Khalji ascended the throne after killing his uncle Jalaluddin.

Delhi Sultanate Part 2